Skip to main content

Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics (n = 517)

From: DPP4 inhibitors and COVID19 outcomes in patients with type II diabetes: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Saudi Arabia

Characteristics

DPP-4i (n = 166)

Non-DPP4i (n = 351)

p-value

Age, years

69.0 [60.0–75.0]

67.0 [57.5–76.0]

0.465

Gender

  

0.161

 Male

94 (56.6)

176 (50.1)

 

 Female

72 (43.4)

175 (49.9)

 

BMI, kg/m2

28.9 [25.4–32.9]

31.5 [25.9–36.2]

0.011

COVID-19 severity at admission

0.229

 Mild to moderate

84 (50.6)

150 (42.8)

 

 Severe

64 (38.6)

149 (42.4)

 

 Critical

18 (10.8)

52 (14.8)

 

Co-morbidities at admission

 

 Hypertension

126 (75.9)

271 (77.2)

0.743

 Dyslipidemia

88 (53.0)

172 (49.0)

0.395

 Chronic kidney disease

27 (16.3)

47 (13.4)

0.384

 Heart failure

24 (14.4)

36 (10.2)

0.164

 Atrial fibrillation

7 (4.2)

17 (4.8)

0.752

 Hypothyroidism

16 (9.6)

34 (9.7)

0.986

 Coronary arterial disease

24 (14.5)

28 (8.0)

0.022

 Cerebrovascular disease

13 (7.8)

38 (10.8)

0.286

Laboratory results on admission

 

 HbA1C, %

8.5 [7.3–10.4]

7.9 [6.8–9.8]

0.032

 Blood glucose, mmol/L

11.1 [7.7–15.6]

11.1 [7.8–15.2]

0.987

 WBC, x109/L

6.9 [5.2–9.4]

7.1 [5.3–10.6]

0.299

 D-Dimer, mcg/mL

0.8 [0.6–1.6]

1.0 [0.6-2.0]

0.642

 C-reactive proteins, mg/L

10.2 [3.1–43.4]

30.2 [8.4–101.0]

< 0.001

 ALT, u/L

24.0 [17.0–34.0]

24.0 [16.0–42.0]

0.392

 AST, u/L

29.0 [19.0–41.0]

31.0 [21.0–48.0]

0.199

 BUN, mmol/L

11.0 [6.0–20.0]

10.2 [5.6–18.1]

0.459

 Procalcitonin, ng/mL

0.2 [0.1–0.4]

0.2 [0.1–0.5]

0.369

Home medications upon admission

 

 Medications for diabetes

   

  Metformin

92 (55.4)

160 (45.6)

0.037

  Insulin

48 (28.9)

161 (45.9)

< 0.001

  SGLT-2 inhibitor

33 (19.9)

18 (5.1)

< 0.001

  Sulfonylureas

14 (8.4)

23 (6.6)

0.439

  GLP-1RA

5 (3.0)

9 (2.6)

0.769

  Thiazolidinedione’s

6 (3.6)

1 (0.3)

0.002

 Medications for comorbidities

   

  Statins

105 (63.3)

179 (51.0)

0.009

  Aspirin

60 (36.1)

90 (25.6)

0.014

  Proton pump inhibitors

60 (36.1)

120 (34.2)

0.663

  Oral anticoagulants

16 (9.6)

33 (9.4)

0.932

  Steroids

16 (9.6)

32 (9.1)

0.849

  Calcium channel blockers

60 (36.1)

150 (42.7)

0.154

  ACE-I or ARBs

63 (38.0)

118 (33.6)

0.335

  Beta blockers

47 (28.3)

91 (25.9)

0.567

  1. Numbers are presented as Median (IQR) or frequency (%)
  2. Abbreviations: DPP-4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; IQR: interquartile range; BMI: body mass index; WHO: World Health Organization; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; WBC: White blood count; Serum Cr: Serum creatinine; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SGLT-2i: Sodium-glucose transport protein-2 inhibitor; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Data on DPP-4 inhibitor usage among 166 patients showed that Sitagliptin was the most prescribed medication (83.1%), followed by Linagliptin (15.7%) and Vildagliptin (1.2%). Additionally, 72.3% of patients had been using DPP-4 inhibitors for more than three months, and 46.4% continued DPP-4 inhibitor therapy during hospital admission
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology – Endocrinology Reports

ISSN: 3059-4057

Contact us