Fig. 3

Love’s plot of the covariate balance
Covariates balance are achieved by Covariate balance was achieved via the overlap weights methodology according to Li (2017) by weighting each unit proportional to its probability of assignment to the opposite group. The estimand is referred to “ATO” (average treatment effect in the overlap). SMD closer to zero are indicative of good balance. These computations were performed using the WeightIt package. Covariates balance diagnostics are assessed using the cobalt package in R
Abbreviations: WHO: World Health Organization; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; SGLT-2i: Sodium-glucose transport protein-2 inhibitor; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: Angiotensin II receptor blockers