Table 3 Anthropometric, Bio-impedance, and clinical characteristics of the Study Population
Variables | Males (N = 238) | Females (N = 194) | Total (N = 432) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric measures | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 4.17 | 24.1 ± 4.0 | 24.0 ± 4.1 | 0.621 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100.0 ± 12.0 | 98.9 ± 12.1 | 98.0 ± 12.0 | 0.345 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 105.9 ± 13.0 | 110.5 ± 12.0 | 107.0 ± 12.9 | 0.001* |
Bio-impedance measures | ||||
Body fat percentage (%) | 38.9 ± 11.0 | 34.0 ± 11.05 | 30.0 ± 11.0 | < 0.001* |
Visceral fat percentage (%) | 9.6 ± 5.85 | 8.1 ± 5.9 | 9.1 ± 5.9 | 0.008* |
BMI category | 0.002* | |||
Underweight | 11 (4.6) | 2 (1.0) | 13 (3.0) | |
Normal | 96 (40.0) | 110 (56.7) | 206 (47.6) | |
Overweight | 66 (27.7) | 18 (9.2) | 84 (19.4) | |
Obese | 65 (27.3) | 64 (32.9) | 129 (30.0) | |
Diabetes-related measures | ||||
Random blood sugar level | 304.0 ± 127.7 | 217.0 ± 127.0 | 203.0 ± 127.0 | < 0.001* |
Duration of diabetes (%) | 0.037* | |||
< 5 years | 50 (21.0) | 39 (20.1) | 89 (20.6) | |
5–10 years | 127 (53.4) | 123 (63.4) | 250 (57.8) | |
> 10 years | 61 (25.6) | 32 (16.5) | 93 (21.5) | |
On-going anti-diabetic therapy n (%) | < 0.001* | |||
Yes | 195 (81.9) | 183 (94.3) | 378 (87.5) | |
No | 43 (18.0) | 11 (5.7) | 54 (12.5) | |