Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of T2DM patients attending Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia, 2023
Variable | Categories | Constipation | Frequency (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
Sex | Male | 104 | 33 | 137(45.7%) |
Female | 123 | 40 | 163(54.3%) | |
Age | 30–39 | 9 | 1 | 10(3.3%) |
40–49 | 46 | 10 | 56(18.7%) | |
50–59 | 65 | 16 | 81(27%) | |
>=60 | 107 | 46 | 153(51%) | |
Occupation | Government | 17 | 6 | 23 (7.7%) |
Private | 209 | 67 | 1(0.3%) | |
NGO | 1 | 0 | 276(92%) | |
Educational status | Unable to read and write | 75 | 37 | 112(37.3%) |
Primary school | 78 | 17 | 95(31.7%) | |
High school | 42 | 8 | 50(16.7%) | |
Diploma and above | 32 | 11 | 43(14.3%) | |
Alcohol intake | Drunker | 9 | 3 | 12(4%) |
Non-drunker | 218 | 70 | 288(96%) | |
Cigarette smoking | Smoker | 1 | 0 | 1(0.3%) |
Nonsmoker | 225 | 72 | 297(99%) | |
Quite smoke | 1 | 1 | 2(0.7%) | |
Chat chewing | Chewer | 72 | 22 | 94(31.3%) |
Non-chewer | 155 | 51 | 206(68.7%) | |
Regular physical exercise | No | 78 | 30 | 108(36%) |
Yes | 149 | 43 | 192(64%) | |
Fiber intake status | Poor | 59 | 23 | 82(27.3%) |
Good | 167 | 50 | 217(72.3%) | |
Excellent | 1 | 0 | 1(0.3%) | |
Sleep hour per day | Less than 7 h | 33 | 52 | 85(28.3%) |
7–9 h | 152 | 18 | 170(56.7%) | |
Greater than 9 h | 42 | 3 | 45(15.0%) | |
Type hypoglycemic drug used | Metformin | 143 | 45 | 188(62.7%) |
Insulin | 28 | 8 | 36(12%) | |
Combined | 56 | 20 | 76(25.3%) | |
Statin utilization | Yes | 113 | 44 | 157(52.3%) |
No | 114 | 29 | 143(47.7%) | |
Body mass index | Underweight | 5 | 3 | 8(2.7%) |
Normal | 109 | 32 | 141(47%) | |
Overweight | 90 | 28 | 118(39.3%) | |
Obese | 23 | 10 | 33(11%) | |