Skip to main content

Table 2 Diagnostic exams

From: Plasma ceramides as biomarkers for microvascular disease and clinical outcomes in diabetes and myocardial infarction

Clinical Features

Healthy             

Diabetic

P-value*

(N=51)    

w/o AMI (N=150)

w/AMI (N=108)

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

 Mean ± SD

185.9 ± 33.4 

192.8 ± 40 

144.7 ± 34.2 

<0.001

HDL (mg/dL)

 Mean ± SD

62.7 ± 18.2 

49.7 ± 16.2 

41 ± 11.1 

<0.001

LDL (mg/dL)

 Mean ± SD

102.5 ± 32.6 

110.6 ± 32.2 

76.3 ± 28.6 

<0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

 Mean ± SD

113.5 ± 105.1 

203.4 ± 178 

181.9 ± 111.2 

<0.001

C-Protein Reactive (mg/dL)

 Mean ± SD

1.5± 0.2 

4.7± 0.5 

4.2± 1.6

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

 Mean ± SD

5.1 ± 0.3 

8.3 ± 2 

7.6 ± 1.9

<0.001

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

 Mean ± SD

13.9 ± 1.3 

14.1 ± 1.6 

13.6 ± 1.6 

0.044

Insulin (mUI/mL)

 Mean ± SD

10.7 ± 7.8 

28.4 ± 25.7 

21.9 ± 25.1 

<0.001

GFR (mL/min/1,73m2)

 Mean ± SD

101.4 ± 22.4 

99.9 ± 28.5 

82.6 ± 24.4 

<0.001

Cardiac MRI

(N=51)

(N=114)

(N=45)

P-value*

Left Ventricle EF (%)

   

 Mean ± SD

68.9 ± 4.2

65.4 ± 8 

62.5 ± 10.4 

0.138

Right Ventricle EF 

    

 Mean ± SD

-

62.4 ± 6.6 

63.7 ± 8.8 

0.219

LV End-Diastolic Diameter (cm)

 Mean ± SD

4.6 ± 0.4 

4.9 ± 0.6 

5 ± 0.8 

0.019

LV Systolic Diameter (cm)

  Mean ± SD

2.8 ± 0.3 

3.1 ± 0.6 

3.5 ± 1 

0.001

Retinography

(N=50)

(N=144)

(N=54)

P-value*

 Absent

50 (100%)

99 (69%)

35 (64%)

<0.001

  Non-proliferative

0 (0%)

40 (28%)

15 (28%)

 

  Proliferative

0 (0%)

5 (3%)

4 (7%)

 

 6-Month Follow-up

(N=50) 

(N=144)

(N=54)

P-value*

 Quality of Life (EQ-5D)

5.6 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 1.9

<0,001

 MACCE

0 (0%)

1 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

0.126

  1. GFR Glomerular filtration rate, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, EF Ejection Fraction, SD Standard deviation
  2. # Healthy group performed echocardiogram
  3. MACCE Major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse event
  4. *P-Value signiifcant (<0.05)