Table 1 Characteristics of identified randomized controlled trials
Author, year, country | Intervention | Control | Duration of Intervention | Type of Patients | Mean Patient Age | Outcomes reported | Previous Diabetes Status | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star J, 2000, USA [27] | High or low-dose insulin | No insulin | 3 days | Maternal hyperglycemia during induction of lung maturation | 24 years | Glucose (fasting and postprandial) | No diabetes | 45 |
Yamamoto S, 2004, Japan [28] | Pioglitazone | No treatment | 6 months | Patients with GC-induced diabetes | 59 years | Before and 6 months after pioglitazone oGTT, HbA1c, HOMA-IR | No diabetes | 40 |
Vu K, 2012, USA [22] | Glargine + aspartat | Conventional care | Not reported | Haemato-oncological patients receiving CVAD chemotherapy | 52 years | Clinical outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Any | 52 |
Abdelnour S, 2012, USA [29] | Glargine + lispro + additional lispro | Glargine + lispro + additional NPH | 5 days | AECOPD | Not reported | Average daily glucose (day 2–5) and hyperglycemia (10mmol/L), hypoglycemia (< 2.8mmol/L) | Any | 19 |
Ruiz de Adana, 2015, Spain [30] | NPH + bolus | Basal-bolus - insulin | 6 days | Respiratory disease | 69 years | Mean glucose (premeal and 2 h postprandial), hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, LOS | Type 2 diabetes | 53 |
Gerards MC, 2016, Netherlands [20] | NPH | Sliding scale | 3 days | Chemotherapy | 67 years | Time in range (3.9–10 mmol/l), proportion of time spent in range, hypoglycemia | Type 2 diabetes | 26 |
Grommesh B, 2016, USA [31] | Add-on NPH | Basal-bolus - insulin | 5 days | Not intensive care unit | 65 years | Mean glucose, proportion in target range (3.9–10 mmol/l), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia | Any | 61 |
Hitchings, 2016, U.K. [21] | Metformin | Placebo | 1 month | AECOPD | 67 years | Mean in-hospital glucose | No diabetes | 52 |
Lakhani OJ, 2017, India [17] | Add-on correction insulin | Basal-bolus - insulin | Not reported, LOS at least 48 h | Any hyperglycemia | 54 years | Glucose (fasting and postprandial), hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events | Any | 67 |
Radhakutty A, 2017, Australia [16] | Isophane + aspartat | Glargine + aspartat insulin | 3 days | Hospitalized | 72 years | Glycemic control by interstitial continuous glucose monitoring, proportion outside target range (4–10 mmol/l), mean glucose concentration, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, HbA1c | No type 1 diabetes | 50 |
Seelig E, 2017, Switzerland [23] | Metformin | Placebo | 28 days | Start of ≥ 7.5 mg prednisone-equivalent for ≥ 4 weeks | 57 years | Change in area under the curve of oGTT | No diabetes | 34 |
Gerards MC, 2018, Netherlands [32] | Dapagliflozin | Placebo | 8 days | AECOPD | 72 years | Time in range (3.9–10 mmol/l), LOS | Any | 46 |
Aberer F, 2019, Austria [33] | Basal-bolus - insulin | Sliding scale | 41 days | Graft-versus-host disease after allogenic stem cell therapy | 57 years | Time in target range (3.9–10 mmol/l) | Not reported | 10 |
Pernicova I, 2020, U.K. [24] | Metformin | Placebo | 12 weeks | Inflammatory disease, prednisolone ≥ 20 mg/day for ≥ 4 weeks, ≥ 10 mg/day for the remainder | 46 years | Difference in visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio assessed by CT, various changes in metabolic, bone, cardiovascular, and inflammatory parameters | No diabetes | 40 |
Ochola LA, 2020, Kenya [34] | Metformin | Standard of care | 4 weeks | Haemato-oncological patients receiving prednisone-based chemotherapy | 49.5 years | Hyperglycemia (prediabetes): fasting and 2 h postprandial glucose, metformin effectiveness in lowering glucose | No diabetes | 24 |
Hong JGS, 2021, Malaysia [25] | Metformin | Placebo | 3 days | Pregnant women receiving 2 × 12 mg intramuscular dexamethasone 12 h apart | 31 years | Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes, and obstetric outcomes all in mothers, | Any | 103 |
Battarbee AN, 2022, USA [26] | Bolus lispro, or aspart, or regular insulin infusion during labor | No treatment | 7 days | Pregnant women 2 × 12 mg intramuscular betamethasone 24 h apart | 28 years | Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes in neonates only, obstetric outcomes in mothers, but no glycemic outcomes | No diabetes | 86 |