Table 2 Comparison of AKI and Non AKI groups at admission

Baseline Characteristics

Age, years

7.2 ± 3.8

6.9 ± 4.0

7.5 ± 3.8

0.53

Male gender, n (%)

33 (50)

16 (45.7)

17 (54.8)

0.46

BMI

14.2 ± 2.1

14.1 ± 2.2

14.3 ± 2.1

0.75

New onset DKA, n(%)

41 (62.1)

23 (65.7)

18 (58.1)

0.06

Duration of diabetes, months, Median (IQR)

17(8, 40)

30 (8, 45)

17 (8, 33)

0.62

Duration of prodrome, days, Median (IQR)

5 (2,10)

3 (2,7)

7 (4,10)

0.09

GCS, Median(IQR)

13 (11,15)

12 (10,14)

15 (12,15)

0.005

Severity of DKA

Mild and moderate, n(%)

26 (39.4)

7 (20)

19 (61.3)

0.001

Severe, n(%)

40 (60.6)

28 (80)

12 (38.7)

Glucose at 0 h, mg/dl

487 ± 151

523 ± 156

445 ± 135

0.07

Glucose at 1 h, mg/dl

447 ± 151

476 ± 146

415 ± 106

0.09

Blood Ketones, mmol/L

5.5 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 1.0

0.20

pH

7.02 ± 0.15

6.97 ± 0.12

7.08 ± 0.15

0.002

Bicarbonate, mmol/L

7.4 ± 2.5

6.9 ± 2.4

7.8 ± 2.5

0.06

Sodium, mmol/L

138 ± 6.9

139 ± 7.6

136 ± 6.1

0.33

Corrected sodium, mmol/L

144 ± 6.9

145 ± 7.7

142 ± 5.5

0.08

Chloride, mmol/L

112 ± 8.8

112 ± 10.5

111 ± 7.1

0.87

Potassium, mmol/L

4.0 ± 0.89

4.3 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 0.7

0.02

Anion gap, mmol/L

19.9 ± 5.1

20.4 ± 5.3

19.4 ± 5.0

0.51

Osmolality, mmol/kg

301 ± 15

306 ± 16

295 ± 12

0.0001

Phosphate, mmol/L

2.7 ± 0.98

2.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 1.1

0.84

HbA_1C, %

12.5 ± 2.4

12.6 ± 2.5

12.3 ± 2.6

0.63

Fluid therapy

Fluids received, ml/kg [Median (IQR)]

66 (46,100)

80 (55, 103)

58 (37,93)

0.04

Urine output, ml/kg/hr

2.9 (2.2,3.5)

2.7 (2.0,3.5)

3.0 (2.5, 3.8)

0.54

Creatinine, mg/dl

0 h

0.85 ± 0.43

1.1 ± 0.41

0.55 ± 0.17

< 0.0001

24 h

0.56 ± 0.44

0.68 ± 0.57

0.42 ± 0.14

0.002

48 h

0.49 ± 0.44

0.6 ± 0.5

0.35 ± 0.11

0.001

uNGAL, ng/ml

0 h

67.8 ± 27.7

79.8 ± 27.2

54.6 ± 22.0

0.0002

24 h

24.2 ± 20.2

61.4 ± 28.3

20.2 ± 14.5

0.0003

Decline over 24 h (%)

62.3 ± 25.9

21.5 ± 17.0

66.8 ± 21.7

0.0003

uNCR, ng/mg

0 h

5.4 ± 3.4

6.7 ± 3.7

4.1 ± 2.6

0.002

24 h

2.8 ± 1.7

6.3 ± 2.5

1.2 ± 1.0

0.01

Decline over 24 h (%)

71.0 ± 25.5

59.8 ± 38.4

74.7 ± 16.08

0.04

Outcome

Duration to achieve end points, hours

15.0 ± 7.1

16.4 ± 7.1

13.6 ± 7.0

0.11

Length of PICU stay, hours

48 ± 21

52 ± 24

42 ± 17

0.17

Length of Hospital stay, days

10 ± 4.6

10 ± 4.8

10 ± 4.4

0.93