Your privacy, your choice

We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media.

By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection.

See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your personal data.

for further information and to change your choices.

Skip to main content

Table 4 Effects of neighborhood variables and correlates on self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services, n = 424

From: How is neighborhood social disorganization associated with diabetes outcomes? A multilevel investigation of glycemic control and self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services

Variablea

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

Intercept

−0.31 (− 0.53, − 0.10)

0.003

− 0.34 (− 0.53, − 0.14)

0.001

−0.33 (− 0.53, − 0.14)

0.001

−0.34 (− 0.54, − 0.14)

0.001

Sex

 Female

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 Male

−0.07 (−0.15, 0.15)

0.52

0.12 (−0.11, 0.35)

0.30

0.12 (−0.11, 0.35)

0.32

0.12 (−0.11, 0.35)

0.32

Age

−0.03*** (− 0.02, − 0.02)

< 0.001

−0.04*** (− 0.05, − 0.02)

< 0.001

−0.03*** (− 0.05, − 0.02)

< 0.001

−0.04*** (− 0.05, − 0.02)

< 0.001

Race

 White

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 Black

0.01 (−0.27, 0.26)

0.91

0.1 (−0.16, 0.37)

0.45

0.05 (−0.22, 0.32)

0.71

0.1 (−0.17, 0.36)

0.48

 Other

−0.21 (− 0.31, 0.44)

0.52

− 0.26 (− 0.94, 0.41)

0.44

−0.31 (− 1.00, 0.37)

0.37

−0.27 (− 0.95, 0.4)

0.43

Educational level

 Some HS

0.03 (−0.41, 0.53)

0.91

−0.13 (− 0.65, 0.39)

0.63

− 0.19 (− 0.71, 0.33)

0.47

−0.13 (− 0.65, 0.39)

0.63

 HS grad

0.33* (− 0.27, 0.59)

0.02

0.16 (−0.12, 0.44)

0.27

0.13 (−0.16, 0.41)

0.38

0.16 (−0.12, 0.44)

0.27

 Some college

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 College grad

−0.20 (−0.13, 0.12)

0.22

−0.24 (− 0.58, 0.09)

0.16

− 0.25 (− 0.59, 0.08)

0.14

−0.24 (− 0.58, 0.1)

0.16

 Grad

−0.04 (− 0.34, 0.34)

0.84

−0.15 (− 0.53, 0.23)

0.43

−0.12 (− 0.50, 0.26)

0.52

−0.15 (− 0.53, 0.23)

0.43

Years with diabetes

0.00 (− 0.02, 0.02)

0.91

0.00 (− 0.02, 0.02)

0.92

0.00 (− 0.02, 0.02)

0.91

Diabetes distress

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.33

0.01 (0.00, 0.02)

0.26

0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)

0.34

Diabetes empowerment

0.06 (−0.18, 0.3)

0.60

0.07 (−0.17, 0.31)

0.58

0.06 (−0.18, 0.3)

0.61

A1c

−0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07)

0.42

−0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07)

0.38

−0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07)

0.41

Self-care

−0.06 (− 0.15, 0.04)

0.23

−0.05 (− 0.15, 0.04)

0.25

−0.06 (− 0.15, 0.03)

0.21

Comorbidities

0.23*** (0.17, 0.3)

< 0.001

0.23*** (0.17, 0.29)

< 0.001

0.23*** (0.17, 0.3)

< 0.001

Neighborhood economic disadvantage

 Low

−0.34 (− 0.92, 0.25)

0.26

 Medium

REF

 

 High

0.60* (0.10, 1.09)

0.02

Neighborhood residential instability

 Low

0.01 (− 0.55, 0.57)

0.97

 Medium

REF

 

 High

− 0.39 (− 0.87, 0.09)

0.11

Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneity

 Low

−0.08 (− 0.55, 0.39)

0.74

 Medium

REF

 

 High

− 0.08 (− 0.51, 0.36)

0.73

NSD (composite measure)

 Low

− 0.04 (− 0.50, 0.42)

0.87

 Medium

REF

 

 High

0.08 (− 0.40, 0.56)

0.75

  1. Model 1 - Individual demographic variables. Model 2 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables. Model 3 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables and separate NSD measures. Model 4 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables and composite NSD measure
  2. NSD refers to neighborhood social disorganization
  3. * p < 0.05
  4. ** p < 0.01
  5. *** p < 0.001
  6. aIn all models, variables were grand mean centered to increase interpretability