Table 1 Participant characteristics, n = 424
Characteristic | N (%) or mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 60.5 (11.5) |
Sex | |
Female | 224 (52.8) |
Male | 200 (47.2) |
Educational level | |
Some HS | 24 (5.7) |
HS grad or GED | 101 (23.9) |
Some college | 154 (36.3) |
College degree | 88 (20.8) |
Grad degree | 57 (13.4) |
Race | |
White | 271 (63.9) |
Black | 138 (32.6) |
Other | 15 (3.5) |
Latino | |
No | 417 (98.4) |
Yes | 7 (1.7) |
Duration of diabetes, mean (SD) | 8.2 (7.6) |
Diabetes empowerment, mean (SD) | 4.3 (0.5) |
Diabetes self-care, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.4) |
Diabetes distress, mean (SD) | 10.5 (12.8) |
Comorbidities, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.9) |
Self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services, mean (SD) | 1.2 (2.3) |
A1c, mean (SD) | 7.5 (1.1) |
Neighborhood economic disadvantagea | |
Low | 52 (12.3) |
Medium | 314 (74.1) |
High | 58 (13.7) |
Neighborhood residential instabilitya | |
Low | 61 (14.4) |
Medium | 288 (67.9) |
High | 75 (17.7) |
Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneitya | |
Low | 79 (18.6) |
Medium | 265 (62.5) |
High | 80 (18.9) |
NSDa | |
Low | 71 (16.8) |
Medium | 300 (70.8) |
High | 53 (12.5) |